diff --git a/.bazelrc b/.bazelrc
index 301b564..dc2e33d 100644
--- a/.bazelrc
+++ b/.bazelrc
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # bazel < 7 needs explicit enabling of bzlmod dependencies.
 build --enable_bzlmod
 
+test --test_output=errors
+
 # Enable support for absl types like string_view in gtest.
 build --define="absl=1"
 
diff --git a/verible/common/formatting/align.cc b/verible/common/formatting/align.cc
index 74bc432..9f77014 100644
--- a/verible/common/formatting/align.cc
+++ b/verible/common/formatting/align.cc
@@ -1001,6 +1001,20 @@
       auto &line = node.Value();
       auto ftokens = line.TokensRange();
 
+      // Leading non-tree tokens before a forced wrap must stay on their own
+      // line. Putting them in a kInline prolog cell would glue e.g. `//\` onto
+      // the following `input` (GitHub issue 2539). Preserve original spacing
+      // for the whole row instead. Master's scanner already omits those
+      // leading tokens from column bids; this keeps ApplyAlignment from
+      // still inlining them.
+      if (align_actions.front().ftoken != ftokens.begin() &&
+          align_actions.front().ftoken->before.break_decision ==
+              SpacingOptions::kMustWrap) {
+        FormatUsingOriginalSpacing(TokenPartitionRange(*row, std::next(*row)));
+        ++row;
+        continue;
+      }
+
       line.SetPartitionPolicy(PartitionPolicyEnum::kAlreadyFormatted);
 
       verible::TokenPartitionTree *current_cell = nullptr;
diff --git a/verible/verilog/formatting/align.cc b/verible/verilog/formatting/align.cc
index 6640adb..24696c7 100644
--- a/verible/verilog/formatting/align.cc
+++ b/verible/verilog/formatting/align.cc
@@ -147,6 +147,32 @@
          b == AlignmentGroupBoundary::kBlankLinesAndSeparatorComments;
 }
 
+// True when non-tree tokens (e.g. // comments, line-continuation `\`) precede
+// the origin, and the first origin token must start a new line. Aligning such
+// partitions would glue the leading tokens onto the origin line via kInline
+// cells (GitHub issue 2539). Leave them out of alignment instead.
+static bool PartitionHasLeadingTokensBeforeForcedWrap(
+    const TokenPartitionTree &partition) {
+  const auto &uwline = partition.Value();
+  const verible::Symbol *origin = uwline.Origin();
+  if (origin == nullptr) return false;
+
+  const auto ftokens = uwline.TokensRange();
+  if (ftokens.empty()) return false;
+
+  const verible::SyntaxTreeLeaf *first_leaf = verible::GetLeftmostLeaf(*origin);
+  if (first_leaf == nullptr) return false;
+
+  const verible::TokenInfo &first_tree_token = first_leaf->get();
+  auto ftoken_it = ftokens.begin();
+  while (ftoken_it != ftokens.end() &&
+         *(ftoken_it->token) != first_tree_token) {
+    ++ftoken_it;
+  }
+  if (ftoken_it == ftokens.begin() || ftoken_it == ftokens.end()) return false;
+  return ftoken_it->before.break_decision == verible::SpacingOptions::kMustWrap;
+}
+
 static bool IgnoreCommentsAndPreprocessingDirectives(
     const TokenPartitionTree &partition) {
   const auto &uwline = partition.Value();
@@ -159,6 +185,8 @@
   // ignore lines containing only comments
   if (TokensAreAllCommentsOrAttributes(token_range)) return true;
 
+  if (PartitionHasLeadingTokensBeforeForcedWrap(partition)) return true;
+
   // ignore partitions belonging to preprocessing directives
   return IsPreprocessorKeyword(
       verilog_tokentype(token_range.front().TokenEnum()));
@@ -199,6 +227,8 @@
     return true;
   }
 
+  if (PartitionHasLeadingTokensBeforeForcedWrap(partition)) return true;
+
   // ignore nested structs/unions
   if (verible::FindFirstSubtree(
           partition.Value().Origin(), [](const Symbol &symbol) {
diff --git a/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_class_package_test.cc b/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_class_package_test.cc
index 0c5e067..ee45c51 100644
--- a/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_class_package_test.cc
+++ b/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_class_package_test.cc
@@ -96,6 +96,18 @@
         "endinterface\n",
     },
     {
+        // Keep space before explicit modport port name
+        "interface\tfoo  ;"
+        "modport mp1(input  .a(sig), output  .b(sig));"
+        "endinterface",
+        "interface foo;\n"
+        "  modport mp1(\n"
+        "      input .a(sig),\n"
+        "      output .b(sig)\n"
+        "  );\n"
+        "endinterface\n",
+    },
+    {
         // interface with long modport port names
         "interface\tfoo_if  ;"
         "modport  mp1\t( output a_long_output, input detailed_input_name);"
diff --git a/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_issue_regression_test.cc b/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_issue_regression_test.cc
index 8f1fcef..9490a88 100644
--- a/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_issue_regression_test.cc
+++ b/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_issue_regression_test.cc
@@ -314,6 +314,28 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(stream.str(), test_case.expected) << "code:\n" << test_case.input;
   }
 }
+
+// Regression for https://github.com/chipsalliance/verible/issues/2539:
+// A // comment followed by a line-continuation `\` before aligned ports must
+// not abort in align.h, and must keep the comment on its own line.
+TEST(FormatterEndToEndTest, PortListCommentWithLineContinuationDoesNotAbort) {
+  static constexpr FormatterTestCase kTestCases[] = {
+      {"module m (\n"
+       "//\\\n"
+       "input a\n"
+       ",input b\n"
+       ");\n"
+       "endmodule\n",
+       "module m (\n"
+       "    //\\\n"
+       "        input a\n"
+       "    , input b\n"
+       ");\n"
+       "endmodule\n"},
+  };
+  FormatStyle style;  // default column_limit (100)
+  RunFormatterTestCases(style, kTestCases);
+}
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace formatter
 }  // namespace verilog
diff --git a/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_module_test.cc b/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_module_test.cc
index f6e142b..c61da86 100644
--- a/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_module_test.cc
+++ b/verible/verilog/formatting/formatter_module_test.cc
@@ -3050,6 +3050,40 @@
   RunFormatterTestCases40(kModuleFormatterTestCases);
 }
 
+TEST(FormatterEndToEndTest, TernaryInsideSubscriptExpression_issue2597) {
+  static constexpr FormatterTestCase kTestCases[] = {
+      // Outside subscript
+      {"module foo ();\n"
+       "assign a = b > 1'h0 ? 1'h0 : c;\n"
+       "endmodule\n",
+
+       "module foo ();\n"
+       "  assign a = b > 1'h0 ? 1'h0 : c;\n"
+       "endmodule\n"},
+
+      // Inside subscript.
+      {"module foo ();\n"
+       "assign a = some_array[b > 1'h0 ? 1'h0 : c];\n"
+       "endmodule\n",
+
+       "module foo ();\n"
+       "  assign a = some_array[b > 1'h0 ? 1'h0 : c];\n"
+       "endmodule\n"},
+  };
+
+  FormatStyle style;
+  style.indentation_spaces = 2;
+  for (const auto &test_case : kTestCases) {
+    VLOG(1) << "code-to-format:\n" << test_case.input << "<EOF>";
+    std::ostringstream stream;
+    const auto status =
+        FormatVerilog(test_case.input, "<filename>", style, stream);
+    // Require these test cases to be valid.
+    EXPECT_OK(status) << status.message();
+    EXPECT_EQ(stream.str(), test_case.expected) << "code:\n" << test_case.input;
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace formatter
 }  // namespace verilog
diff --git a/verible/verilog/formatting/token-annotator.cc b/verible/verilog/formatting/token-annotator.cc
index fc6d2f0..d66042f 100644
--- a/verible/verilog/formatting/token-annotator.cc
+++ b/verible/verilog/formatting/token-annotator.cc
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
   return context.IsInsideFirst(
       {NodeEnum::kDimensionScalar, NodeEnum::kDimensionRange,
        NodeEnum::kDimensionSlice, NodeEnum::kCycleDelayRange},
-      {});
+      {NodeEnum::kConditionExpression});  // exclude
 }
 
 static bool IsAnySemicolon(const PreFormatToken &ftoken) {
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
 
   // TODO(fangism): Never insert trailing spaces before a newline.
 
+  // Modport port name separator, e.g. "input .a("
+  if (right.TokenEnum() == '.' &&
+      right_context.IsInside(NodeEnum::kModportSimplePort)) {
+    return {1, "Space before modport explicit port name '.'"};
+  }
+
   // Hierarchy examples: "a.b", "a::b"
   if (left.format_token_enum == FormatTokenType::hierarchy ||
       right.format_token_enum == FormatTokenType::hierarchy) {
diff --git a/verible/verilog/formatting/token-annotator_test.cc b/verible/verilog/formatting/token-annotator_test.cc
index 2adf936..c0f7e86 100644
--- a/verible/verilog/formatting/token-annotator_test.cc
+++ b/verible/verilog/formatting/token-annotator_test.cc
@@ -2753,6 +2753,24 @@
           {1, SpacingOptions::kUndecided},
       },
 
+      // Modport explicit port name, e.g. "input .a(sig)"
+      {
+          DefaultStyle,
+          {TK_input, "input"},
+          {'.', "."},
+          {/* any context */},
+          {NodeEnum::kModportSimplePort},
+          {1, SpacingOptions::kUndecided},
+      },
+      {
+          DefaultStyle,
+          {TK_output, "output"},
+          {'.', "."},
+          {/* any context */},
+          {NodeEnum::kModportSimplePort},
+          {1, SpacingOptions::kUndecided},
+      },
+
       // Handle '->' as a unary prefix expression.
       {
           DefaultStyle,
@@ -5501,6 +5519,31 @@
           {NodeEnum::kUnpackedDimensions},
           {1, SpacingOptions::kPreserve},
       },
+      {
+          // [b > 1'h0 ? 1'h0 : c] : space around '>' in ternary inside
+          // subscript
+          DefaultStyle,
+          verilog_tokentype::SymbolIdentifier,
+          "b",
+          " ",  // 1 space originally
+          '>',
+          ">",
+          {NodeEnum::kDimensionScalar, NodeEnum::kConditionExpression},
+          {NodeEnum::kDimensionScalar, NodeEnum::kConditionExpression},
+          {1, SpacingOptions::kUndecided},
+      },
+      {
+          // [b > 1 ? 1 : c] : space before '?' in ternary inside subscript
+          DefaultStyle,
+          verilog_tokentype::TK_DecNumber,
+          "1",
+          " ",  // 1 space originally
+          '?',
+          "?",
+          {NodeEnum::kDimensionScalar, NodeEnum::kConditionExpression},
+          {NodeEnum::kDimensionScalar, NodeEnum::kConditionExpression},
+          {1, SpacingOptions::kUndecided},
+      },
   };
   int test_index = 0;
   for (const auto &test_case : kTestCases) {