#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

#include "vtr_assert.h"
#include "vtr_log.h"
#include "vtr_math.h"
#include "vtr_memory.h"

#include "vpr_types.h"
#include "vpr_error.h"

#include "globals.h"
#include "rr_graph.h"
#include "rr_graph_util.h"
#include "rr_graph_area.h"

/* Select which transistor area equation to use. As found by Chiasson's and Betz's FPL 2013 paper
   (Should FPGAs Abandon the Pass Gate?), the traditional transistor area model
   significantly overpredicts area at smaller process nodes. Their improved area models
   were obtained based on TSMC's 65nm layout rules, and scaled down to 22nm */
enum e_trans_area_eq {	AREA_ORIGINAL, 
			AREA_IMPROVED_NMOS_ONLY,	/* only NMOS transistors taken into account */
			AREA_IMPROVED_MIXED		/* both NMOS and PMOS. extra spacing required for N-wells */
			};
static const e_trans_area_eq trans_area_eq = AREA_IMPROVED_NMOS_ONLY;

/************************ Subroutines local to this module *******************/

static void count_bidir_routing_transistors(int num_switch, int wire_to_ipin_switch, 
		float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos, const float trans_sram_bit);

static void count_unidir_routing_transistors(t_segment_inf * segment_inf,
		int wire_to_ipin_switch, float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos, 
		const float trans_sram_bit);

static float get_cblock_trans(int *num_inputs_to_cblock, int wire_to_ipin_switch,
		int max_inputs_to_cblock, float trans_sram_bit);

static float *alloc_and_load_unsharable_switch_trans(int num_switch,
		float trans_sram_bit, float R_minW_nmos);

static float *alloc_and_load_sharable_switch_trans(int num_switch,
		float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos);

static float trans_per_mux(int num_inputs, float trans_sram_bit,
		float pass_trans_area);

static float trans_per_R(float Rtrans, float R_minW_trans);

/*************************** Subroutine definitions **************************/

void count_routing_transistors(enum e_directionality directionality,
		int num_switch, int wire_to_ipin_switch, t_segment_inf * segment_inf, 
		float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos) {

	/* Counts how many transistors are needed to implement the FPGA routing      *
	 * resources.  Call this only when an rr_graph exists.  It does not count    *
	 * the transistors used in logic blocks, but it counts the transistors in    *
	 * the input connection block multiplexers and in the output pin drivers and *
	 * pass transistors.  NB:  this routine assumes pass transistors always      *
	 * generate two edges (one forward, one backward) between two nodes.         *
	 * Physically, this is what happens -- make sure your rr_graph does it.      *
	 *                                                                           *
	 * I assume a minimum width transistor takes 1 unit of area.  A double-width *
	 * transistor takes the twice the diffusion width, but the same spacing, so  *
	 * I assume it takes 1.5x the area of a minimum-width transitor.             */
	
	/* Area per SRAM cell (in minimum-width transistor areas) */
	const float trans_sram_bit = 4.; 
	 
	if (directionality == BI_DIRECTIONAL) {
		count_bidir_routing_transistors(num_switch, wire_to_ipin_switch, R_minW_nmos, R_minW_pmos, trans_sram_bit);
	} else {
		VTR_ASSERT(directionality == UNI_DIRECTIONAL);
		count_unidir_routing_transistors(segment_inf, wire_to_ipin_switch, R_minW_nmos, R_minW_pmos, trans_sram_bit);
	}
}

void count_bidir_routing_transistors(int num_switch, int wire_to_ipin_switch, 
		float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos, const float trans_sram_bit) {

	/* Tri-state buffers are designed as a buffer followed by a pass transistor. *
	 * I make Rbuffer = Rpass_transitor = 1/2 Rtri-state_buffer.                 *
	 * I make the pull-up and pull-down sides of the buffer the same strength -- *
	 * i.e. I make the p transistor R_minW_pmos / R_minW_nmos wider than the n   *
	 * transistor.                                                               *
	 *                                                                           *
	 * I generate two area numbers in this routine:  ntrans_sharing and          *
	 * ntrans_no_sharing.  ntrans_sharing exactly reflects what the timing       *
	 * analyzer, etc. works with -- each switch is a completely self contained   *
	 * pass transistor or tri-state buffer.  In the case of tri-state buffers    *
	 * this is rather pessimisitic.  The inverter chain part of the buffer (as   *
	 * opposed to the pass transistor + SRAM output part) can be shared by       *
	 * several switches in the same location.  Obviously all the switches from   *
	 * an OPIN can share one buffer.  Also, CHANX and CHANY switches at the same *
	 * spot (i,j) on a single segment can share a buffer.  For a more realistic  *
	 * area number I assume all buffered switches from a node that are at the    *
	 * *same (i,j) location* can share one buffer.  Only the lowest resistance   *
	 * (largest) buffer is implemented.  In practice, you might want to build    *
	 * something that is 1.5x or 2x the largest buffer, so this may be a bit     *
	 * optimistic (but I still think it's pretty reasonable).                    */
    auto& device_ctx = g_vpr_ctx.device();

	int *num_inputs_to_cblock; /* [0..device_ctx.num_rr_nodes-1], but all entries not    */

	/* corresponding to IPINs will be 0.           */

	bool * cblock_counted; /* [0..max(device_ctx.grid.width(),device_ctx.grid.height())] -- 0th element unused. */
	float *shared_buffer_trans; /* [0..max(device_ctx.grid.width(),device_ctx.grid.height())] */
	float *unsharable_switch_trans, *sharable_switch_trans; /* [0..num_switch-1] */

	t_rr_type from_rr_type, to_rr_type;
	int from_node, to_node, iedge, num_edges, maxlen;
	int iswitch, i, j, iseg, max_inputs_to_cblock;
	float input_cblock_trans, shared_opin_buffer_trans;

	/* Two variables below are the accumulator variables that add up all the    *
	 * transistors in the routing.  Make doubles so that they don't stop        *
	 * incrementing once adding a switch makes a change of less than 1 part in  *
	 * 10^7 to the total.  If this still isn't good enough (adding 1 part in    *
	 * 10^15 will still be thrown away), compute the transistor count in        *
	 * "chunks", by adding up inodes 1 to 1000, 1001 to 2000 and then summing   *
	 * the partial sums together.                                               */

	double ntrans_sharing, ntrans_no_sharing;

	/* Buffer from the routing to the ipin cblock inputs. Assume minimum size n *
	 * transistors, and ptransistors sized to make the pull-up R = pull-down R */

	float trans_track_to_cblock_buf;

	ntrans_sharing = 0.;
	ntrans_no_sharing = 0.;
	max_inputs_to_cblock = 0;

	/* Assume the buffer below is 4x minimum drive strength (enough to        *
	 * drive a fanout of up to 16 pretty nicely) -- should cover a reasonable * 
	 * wiring C plus the fanout.                                              */

	if (INCLUDE_TRACK_BUFFERS) {
		trans_track_to_cblock_buf = trans_per_buf(R_minW_nmos / 4., R_minW_nmos,
				R_minW_pmos);
	} else {
		trans_track_to_cblock_buf = 0;
	}

	num_inputs_to_cblock = (int *) vtr::calloc(device_ctx.num_rr_nodes, sizeof(int));

	maxlen = max(device_ctx.grid.width(), device_ctx.grid.height());
	cblock_counted = (bool *) vtr::calloc(maxlen, sizeof(bool));
	shared_buffer_trans = (float *) vtr::calloc(maxlen, sizeof(float));

	unsharable_switch_trans = alloc_and_load_unsharable_switch_trans(num_switch,
			trans_sram_bit, R_minW_nmos);

	sharable_switch_trans = alloc_and_load_sharable_switch_trans(num_switch,
			R_minW_nmos, R_minW_pmos);

	for (from_node = 0; from_node < device_ctx.num_rr_nodes; from_node++) {

		from_rr_type = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].type();

		switch (from_rr_type) {

		case CHANX:
		case CHANY:
			num_edges = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].num_edges();

			for (iedge = 0; iedge < num_edges; iedge++) {

				to_node = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].edge_sink_node(iedge);
				to_rr_type = device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].type();

				/* Ignore any uninitialized rr_graph nodes */
				if ((device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].type() == SOURCE) 
						&& (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].xlow() == 0) && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].ylow() == 0)
						&& (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].xhigh() == 0) && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].yhigh() == 0)) {
					continue;
				}

				switch (to_rr_type) {

				case CHANX:
				case CHANY:
					iswitch = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].edge_switch(iedge);

					if (device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[iswitch].buffered) {
						iseg = seg_index_of_sblock(from_node, to_node);
						shared_buffer_trans[iseg] = max(shared_buffer_trans[iseg],
								sharable_switch_trans[iswitch]);

						ntrans_no_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch]
								+ sharable_switch_trans[iswitch];
						ntrans_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch];
					} else if (from_node < to_node) {

						/* Pass transistor shared by two edges -- only count once.  *
						 * Also, no part of a pass transistor is sharable.          */

						ntrans_no_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch];
						ntrans_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch];
					}
					break;

				case IPIN:
					num_inputs_to_cblock[to_node]++;
					max_inputs_to_cblock = max(max_inputs_to_cblock, 
							num_inputs_to_cblock[to_node]);

					iseg = seg_index_of_cblock(from_rr_type, to_node);

					if (cblock_counted[iseg] == false) {
						cblock_counted[iseg] = true;
						ntrans_sharing += trans_track_to_cblock_buf;
						ntrans_no_sharing += trans_track_to_cblock_buf;
					}
					break;

				default:
					vpr_throw(VPR_ERROR_ROUTE, __FILE__, __LINE__, 
						"in count_routing_transistors:\n"
						 "\tUnexpected connection from node %d (type %d) to node %d (type %d).\n",
						from_node, from_rr_type, to_node, to_rr_type);
					break;

				} /* End switch on to_rr_type. */

			} /* End for each edge. */

			/* Now add in the shared buffer transistors, and reset some flags. */

			if (from_rr_type == CHANX) {
				for (i = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xlow() - 1;
						i <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xhigh(); i++) {
					ntrans_sharing += shared_buffer_trans[i];
					shared_buffer_trans[i] = 0.;
				}

				for (i = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xlow(); i <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xhigh();
						i++)
					cblock_counted[i] = false;

			} else { /* CHANY */
				for (j = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].ylow() - 1;
						j <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].yhigh(); j++) {
					ntrans_sharing += shared_buffer_trans[j];
					shared_buffer_trans[j] = 0.;
				}

				for (j = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].ylow(); j <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].yhigh();
						j++)
					cblock_counted[j] = false;

			}
			break;

		case OPIN:
			num_edges = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].num_edges();
			shared_opin_buffer_trans = 0.;

			for (iedge = 0; iedge < num_edges; iedge++) {
				iswitch = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].edge_switch(iedge);
				ntrans_no_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch]
						+ sharable_switch_trans[iswitch];
				ntrans_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch];

				shared_opin_buffer_trans = max(shared_opin_buffer_trans,
						sharable_switch_trans[iswitch]);
			}

			ntrans_sharing += shared_opin_buffer_trans;
			break;

		default:
			break;

		} /* End switch on from_rr_type */
	} /* End for all nodes */

	free(cblock_counted);
	free(shared_buffer_trans);
	free(unsharable_switch_trans);
	free(sharable_switch_trans);

	/* Now add in the input connection block transistors. */

	input_cblock_trans = get_cblock_trans(num_inputs_to_cblock, wire_to_ipin_switch,
			max_inputs_to_cblock, trans_sram_bit);

	free(num_inputs_to_cblock);

	ntrans_sharing += input_cblock_trans;
	ntrans_no_sharing += input_cblock_trans;

	vtr::printf_info("\n");
	vtr::printf_info("Routing area (in minimum width transistor areas)...\n");
	vtr::printf_info("\tAssuming no buffer sharing (pessimistic). Total: %#g, per logic tile: %#g\n", 
			ntrans_no_sharing, ntrans_no_sharing / (float) (device_ctx.grid.width() * device_ctx.grid.height()));
	vtr::printf_info("\tAssuming buffer sharing (slightly optimistic). Total: %#g, per logic tile: %#g\n", 
			ntrans_sharing, ntrans_sharing / (float) (device_ctx.grid.width() * device_ctx.grid.height()));
	vtr::printf_info("\n");
}

void count_unidir_routing_transistors(t_segment_inf * /*segment_inf*/, 
		int wire_to_ipin_switch, float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos, 
		const float trans_sram_bit) {

    auto& device_ctx = g_vpr_ctx.device();

	bool * cblock_counted; /* [0..max(device_ctx.grid.width(),device_ctx.grid.height())] -- 0th element unused. */
	int *num_inputs_to_cblock; /* [0..device_ctx.num_rr_nodes-1], but all entries not    */

	/* corresponding to IPINs will be 0.           */

	t_rr_type from_rr_type, to_rr_type;
	int i, j, iseg, from_node, to_node, iedge, num_edges, maxlen;
	int max_inputs_to_cblock;
	float input_cblock_trans;

	/* August 2014:
	   In a unidirectional architecture all the fanin to a wire segment comes from
	   a single mux. We should count this mux only once as we look at the outgoing
	   switches of all rr nodes. Thus we keep track of which muxes we have already
	   counted via the variable below. */
	bool *chan_node_switch_done;
	chan_node_switch_done = (bool *) vtr::calloc(device_ctx.num_rr_nodes, sizeof(bool));

	/* The variable below is an accumulator variable that will add up all the   *
	 * transistors in the routing.  Make double so that it doesn't stop         *
	 * incrementing once adding a switch makes a change of less than 1 part in  *
	 * 10^7 to the total.  If this still isn't good enough (adding 1 part in    *
	 * 10^15 will still be thrown away), compute the transistor count in        *
	 * "chunks", by adding up inodes 1 to 1000, 1001 to 2000 and then summing   *
	 * the partial sums together.                                               */

	double ntrans;


	/* Buffer from the routing to the ipin cblock inputs. Assume minimum size n *
	 * transistors, and ptransistors sized to make the pull-up R = pull-down R */

	float trans_track_to_cblock_buf;

	max_inputs_to_cblock = 0;

	/* Assume the buffer below is 4x minimum drive strength (enough to        *
	 * drive a fanout of up to 16 pretty nicely) -- should cover a reasonable * 
	 * wiring C plus the fanout.                                              */

	if (INCLUDE_TRACK_BUFFERS) {
		trans_track_to_cblock_buf = trans_per_buf(R_minW_nmos / 4., R_minW_nmos,
				R_minW_pmos);
	} else {
		trans_track_to_cblock_buf = 0;
	}

	num_inputs_to_cblock = (int *) vtr::calloc(device_ctx.num_rr_nodes, sizeof(int));
	maxlen = max(device_ctx.grid.width(), device_ctx.grid.height());
	cblock_counted = (bool *) vtr::calloc(maxlen, sizeof(bool));

	ntrans = 0;
	for (from_node = 0; from_node < device_ctx.num_rr_nodes; from_node++) {

		from_rr_type = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].type();

		switch (from_rr_type) {

		case CHANX:
		case CHANY:
			num_edges = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].num_edges();

			/* Increment number of inputs per cblock if IPIN */
			for (iedge = 0; iedge < num_edges; iedge++) {

				to_node = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].edge_sink_node(iedge);
				to_rr_type = device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].type();

				/* Ignore any uninitialized rr_graph nodes */
				if ((device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].type() == SOURCE) 
						&& (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].xlow() == 0) && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].ylow() == 0)
						&& (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].xhigh() == 0) && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].yhigh() == 0)) {
					continue;
				}

				switch (to_rr_type) {

				case CHANX:
				case CHANY:
					if (!chan_node_switch_done[to_node]){
						int switch_index = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].edge_switch(iedge);
                        auto switch_type = device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[switch_index].type();

                        int fan_in = device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].fan_in();

                        if (device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[switch_index].type() == SwitchType::MUX) {
                            /* Each wire segment begins with a multipexer followed by a driver for unidirectional */
                            /* Each multiplexer contains all the fan-in to that routing node */
                            /* Add up area of multiplexer */
                            ntrans += trans_per_mux(fan_in, trans_sram_bit,
                                    device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[switch_index].mux_trans_size);			

                            /* Add up area of buffer */
                            /* The buffer size should already have been auto-sized (if required) when 
                             * the rr switches were created from the arch switches */
                            ntrans += device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[switch_index].buf_size;
                        } else if (switch_type == SwitchType::SHORT) {
                            ntrans += 0.; //Electrical shorts contribute no transisitor area
                        } else if (switch_type == SwitchType::BUFFER) {
                            if (fan_in != 1) {
                                std::string msg = vtr::string_fmt("Uni-directional RR node driven by non-configurable "
                                                                  "BUFFER has fan in %d (expected 1)\n", 
                                                                  fan_in);
                                msg += "  " + describe_rr_node(to_node);
                                VPR_THROW(VPR_ERROR_OTHER, msg.c_str());
                            }

                            //This is a non-configurable buffer, so there are no mux transistors,
                            //only the buffer area
                            ntrans += device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[switch_index].buf_size;
                        } else {
                            VPR_THROW(VPR_ERROR_OTHER, "Unexpected switch type %d while calculating area of uni-directional routing", switch_type);
                        }
						chan_node_switch_done[to_node] = true;
					}
					
					break;

				case IPIN:
					num_inputs_to_cblock[to_node]++;
					max_inputs_to_cblock = max(max_inputs_to_cblock,
							num_inputs_to_cblock[to_node]);
					iseg = seg_index_of_cblock(from_rr_type, to_node);

					if (cblock_counted[iseg] == false) {
						cblock_counted[iseg] = true;
						ntrans += trans_track_to_cblock_buf;
					}
					break;

				default:
					vpr_throw(VPR_ERROR_ROUTE,  __FILE__, __LINE__,
						"in count_routing_transistors:\n"
						"\tUnexpected connection from node %d (type %d) to node %d (type %d).\n", 
						from_node, from_rr_type, to_node, to_rr_type);
					break;

				} /* End switch on to_rr_type. */

			} /* End for each edge. */

			/* Reset some flags */
			if (from_rr_type == CHANX) {
				for (i = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xlow(); i <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xhigh(); i++)
					cblock_counted[i] = false;

			} else { /* CHANY */
				for (j = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].ylow(); j <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].yhigh();
						j++)
					cblock_counted[j] = false;

			}
			break;
		case OPIN:
			break;

		default:
			break;

		} /* End switch on from_rr_type */
	} /* End for all nodes */

	/* Now add in the input connection block transistors. */

	input_cblock_trans = get_cblock_trans(num_inputs_to_cblock, wire_to_ipin_switch,
			max_inputs_to_cblock, trans_sram_bit);

	free(cblock_counted);
	free(num_inputs_to_cblock);
	free(chan_node_switch_done);

	ntrans += input_cblock_trans;

	vtr::printf_info("\n");
	vtr::printf_info("Routing area (in minimum width transistor areas)...\n");
	vtr::printf_info("\tTotal routing area: %#g, per logic tile: %#g\n", ntrans, ntrans / (float) (device_ctx.grid.width() * device_ctx.grid.height()));
}

static float get_cblock_trans(int *num_inputs_to_cblock, int wire_to_ipin_switch,
		int max_inputs_to_cblock, float trans_sram_bit) {

	/* Computes the transistors in the input connection block multiplexers and   *
	 * the buffers from connection block outputs to the logic block input pins.  *
	 * For speed, I precompute the number of transistors in the multiplexers of  *
	 * interest.                                                                 */

	float *trans_per_cblock; /* [0..max_inputs_to_cblock] */
	float trans_count;
	int i, num_inputs;

    auto& device_ctx = g_vpr_ctx.device();

	trans_per_cblock = (float *) vtr::malloc(
			(max_inputs_to_cblock + 1) * sizeof(float));

	trans_per_cblock[0] = 0.; /* i.e., not an IPIN or no inputs */

	/* With one or more inputs, add the mux and output buffer.  I add the output *
	 * buffer even when the number of inputs = 1 (i.e. no mux) because I assume  *
	 * I need the drivability just for metal capacitance.                        */

	for (i = 1; i <= max_inputs_to_cblock; i++){
		trans_per_cblock[i] = trans_per_mux(i, trans_sram_bit, 
					device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[wire_to_ipin_switch].mux_trans_size);
		trans_per_cblock[i] += device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[wire_to_ipin_switch].buf_size;
	}

	trans_count = 0.;
	
	for (i = 0; i < device_ctx.num_rr_nodes; i++) {
		num_inputs = num_inputs_to_cblock[i];
		trans_count += trans_per_cblock[num_inputs];
	}
	
	free(trans_per_cblock);
	return (trans_count);
}

static float *
alloc_and_load_unsharable_switch_trans(int num_switch, float trans_sram_bit,
		float R_minW_nmos) {

	/* Loads up an array that says how many transistors are needed to implement  *
	 * the unsharable portion of each switch type.  The SRAM bit of a switch and *
	 * the pass transistor (forming either the entire switch or the output part  *
	 * of a tri-state buffer) are both unsharable.                               */

	float *unsharable_switch_trans, Rpass;
	int i;

    auto& device_ctx = g_vpr_ctx.device();

	unsharable_switch_trans = (float *) vtr::malloc(num_switch * sizeof(float));

	for (i = 0; i < num_switch; i++) {

        if (device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].type() == SwitchType::SHORT) {
            //Electrical shorts do not use any transistors
            unsharable_switch_trans[i] = 0.;
        } else {

            if (device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].buffered == false) {
                Rpass = device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].R;
            } else { /* Buffer.  Set Rpass = Rbuf = 1/2 Rtotal. */
                Rpass = device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].R / 2.;
            }

            unsharable_switch_trans[i] = trans_per_R(Rpass, R_minW_nmos);

            if (device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].configurable) {
                //Configurable switches use SRAM
                unsharable_switch_trans[i] += trans_sram_bit;
            }
        }
	}

	return (unsharable_switch_trans);
}

static float *
alloc_and_load_sharable_switch_trans(int num_switch,
		float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos) {

	/* Loads up an array that says how many transistor are needed to implement   *
	 * the sharable portion of each switch type.  The SRAM bit of a switch and   *
	 * the pass transistor (forming either the entire switch or the output part  *
	 * of a tri-state buffer) are both unsharable.  Only the buffer part of a    *
	 * buffer switch is sharable.                                                */

	float *sharable_switch_trans, Rbuf;
	int i;

    auto& device_ctx = g_vpr_ctx.device();

	sharable_switch_trans = (float *) vtr::malloc(num_switch * sizeof(float));

	for (i = 0; i < num_switch; i++) {

		if (device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].buffered == false) {
			sharable_switch_trans[i] = 0.;
		} else { /* Buffer.  Set Rbuf = Rpass = 1/2 Rtotal. */
			Rbuf = device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].R / 2.;
			sharable_switch_trans[i] = trans_per_buf(Rbuf, R_minW_nmos,
					R_minW_pmos);
		}
	}

	return (sharable_switch_trans);
}

float trans_per_buf(float Rbuf, float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos) {

	/* Returns the number of minimum width transistor area equivalents needed to *
	 * implement this buffer.  Assumes a stage ratio of 4, and equal strength    *
	 * pull-up and pull-down paths.                                              */

	int num_stage, istage;
	float trans_count, stage_ratio, Rstage;

	if (Rbuf > 0.6 * R_minW_nmos || Rbuf <= 0.) { /* Use a single-stage buffer */
		trans_count = trans_per_R(Rbuf, R_minW_nmos)
				+ trans_per_R(Rbuf, R_minW_pmos);
	} else { /* Use a multi-stage buffer */

		/* Target stage ratio = 4.  1 minimum width buffer, then num_stage bigger *
		 * ones.                                                                  */

		num_stage = vtr::nint(log10(R_minW_nmos / Rbuf) / log10(4.));
		num_stage = max(num_stage, 1);
		stage_ratio = pow((float)(R_minW_nmos / Rbuf), (float)( 1. / (float) num_stage));

		Rstage = R_minW_nmos;
		trans_count = 0.;

		for (istage = 0; istage <= num_stage; istage++) {
			trans_count += trans_per_R(Rstage, R_minW_nmos)
					+ trans_per_R(Rstage, R_minW_pmos);
			Rstage /= stage_ratio;
		}
	}

	return (trans_count);
}

static float trans_per_mux(int num_inputs, float trans_sram_bit,
		float pass_trans_area) {

	/* Returns the number of transistors needed to build a pass transistor mux. *
	 * DOES NOT include input buffers or any output buffer.                     *
	 * Attempts to select smart multiplexer size depending on number of inputs  *
	 * For multiplexers with inputs 4 or less, one level is used, more has two  *
	 * levels.                                                                  */
	float ntrans, sram_trans, pass_trans;
	int num_second_stage_trans;
	
	if (num_inputs <= 1) {
		return (0);
	} else if (num_inputs == 2) {
		pass_trans = 2 * pass_trans_area;
		sram_trans = 1 * trans_sram_bit;
	} else if (num_inputs <= 4) {
		/* One-hot encoding */
		pass_trans = num_inputs * pass_trans_area;
		sram_trans = num_inputs * trans_sram_bit;
	} else {
		/* This is a large multiplexer so design it using a two-level multiplexer   *
		 * + 0.00001 is to make sure exact square roots two don't get rounded down  *
		 * to one lower level.                                                      */
		num_second_stage_trans = (int)floor((float)sqrt((float)num_inputs) + 0.00001);
		pass_trans = (num_inputs + num_second_stage_trans) * pass_trans_area;
		sram_trans = (ceil(
				(float) num_inputs / num_second_stage_trans - 0.00001)
				+ num_second_stage_trans) * trans_sram_bit;
		if (num_second_stage_trans == 2) {
			/* Can use one-bit instead of a two-bit one-hot encoding for the second stage */
			/* Eliminates one sram bit counted earlier */
			sram_trans -= 1 * trans_sram_bit;
		}
	}

	ntrans = pass_trans + sram_trans;

	return (ntrans);
}

static float trans_per_R(float Rtrans, float R_minW_trans) {

	/* Returns the number of minimum width transistor area equivalents needed    *
	 * to make a transistor with Rtrans, given that the resistance of a minimum  *
	 * width transistor of this type is R_minW_trans.                            */

	float trans_area;

	if (Rtrans <= 0.) {
        /* Assume resistances are nonsense -- use min. width */
        vtr::printf_warning(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Sized nonsensical R=%g transistor to minimum width\n", Rtrans);
		return (1.);
    }

	if (Rtrans >= R_minW_trans) {
		return (1.);
    }

	/* Old area model (developed with 0.35um process rules) */
	/* Area = minimum width area (1) + 0.5 for each additional unit of width.  *
	 * The 50% factor takes into account the "overlapping" that occurs in      *
	 * horizontally-paralleled transistors, and the need for only one spacing, *
	 * not two (i.e. two min W transistors need two spaces; a 2W transistor    *
	 * needs only 1).                                                          */

	/* New area model (developed with 65nm process rules) 			   */
	/* These more advanced process rules change how much area we need to add   *
	 * for each additional unit of width vs. the old area model.               */

	float drive_strength = R_minW_trans / Rtrans;
	if (trans_area_eq == AREA_ORIGINAL) {
		/* Old transistor area estimation equation */
		trans_area = 0.5 * drive_strength + 0.5;
	} else if (trans_area_eq == AREA_IMPROVED_NMOS_ONLY) {
		/* New transistor area estimation equation. Here only NMOS transistors
		   are taken into account */
		trans_area = 0.447 + 0.128*drive_strength + 0.391*sqrt(drive_strength);
	} else if (trans_area_eq == AREA_IMPROVED_MIXED) {
		/* New transistor area estimation equation. Here both NMOS and PMOS 
		   transistors are taken into account (extra spacing needed for N-wells) */
		trans_area = 0.518 + 0.127*drive_strength + 0.428*sqrt(drive_strength);
	} else {
		vpr_throw(VPR_ERROR_ROUTE, __FILE__, __LINE__, "Unrecognized transistor area model: %d\n", (int)trans_area_eq);
	}

	return (trans_area);
}