#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

#include "vtr_assert.h"
#include "vtr_log.h"
#include "vtr_math.h"
#include "vtr_memory.h"

#include "vpr_types.h"
#include "vpr_error.h"

#include "globals.h"
#include "rr_graph.h"
#include "rr_graph_util.h"
#include "rr_graph_area.h"

/* Select which transistor area equation to use. As found by Chiasson's and Betz's FPL 2013 paper
 * (Should FPGAs Abandon the Pass Gate?), the traditional transistor area model
 * significantly overpredicts area at smaller process nodes. Their improved area models
 * were obtained based on TSMC's 65nm layout rules, and scaled down to 22nm */
enum e_trans_area_eq { AREA_ORIGINAL,
                       AREA_IMPROVED_NMOS_ONLY, /* only NMOS transistors taken into account */
                       AREA_IMPROVED_MIXED      /* both NMOS and PMOS. extra spacing required for N-wells */
};
static const e_trans_area_eq trans_area_eq = AREA_IMPROVED_NMOS_ONLY;

/************************ Subroutines local to this module *******************/

static void count_bidir_routing_transistors(int num_switch, int wire_to_ipin_switch, float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos, const float trans_sram_bit);

static void count_unidir_routing_transistors(std::vector<t_segment_inf>& segment_inf,
                                             int wire_to_ipin_switch,
                                             float R_minW_nmos,
                                             float R_minW_pmos,
                                             const float trans_sram_bit);

static float get_cblock_trans(int* num_inputs_to_cblock, int wire_to_ipin_switch, int max_inputs_to_cblock, float trans_sram_bit);

static float* alloc_and_load_unsharable_switch_trans(int num_switch,
                                                     float trans_sram_bit,
                                                     float R_minW_nmos);

static float* alloc_and_load_sharable_switch_trans(int num_switch,
                                                   float R_minW_nmos,
                                                   float R_minW_pmos);

static float trans_per_mux(int num_inputs, float trans_sram_bit, float pass_trans_area);

static float trans_per_R(float Rtrans, float R_minW_trans);

/*************************** Subroutine definitions **************************/

void count_routing_transistors(enum e_directionality directionality,
                               int num_switch,
                               int wire_to_ipin_switch,
                               std::vector<t_segment_inf>& segment_inf,
                               float R_minW_nmos,
                               float R_minW_pmos) {
    /* Counts how many transistors are needed to implement the FPGA routing      *
     * resources.  Call this only when an rr_graph exists.  It does not count    *
     * the transistors used in logic blocks, but it counts the transistors in    *
     * the input connection block multiplexers and in the output pin drivers and *
     * pass transistors.  NB:  this routine assumes pass transistors always      *
     * generate two edges (one forward, one backward) between two nodes.         *
     * Physically, this is what happens -- make sure your rr_graph does it.      *
     *                                                                           *
     * I assume a minimum width transistor takes 1 unit of area.  A double-width *
     * transistor takes the twice the diffusion width, but the same spacing, so  *
     * I assume it takes 1.5x the area of a minimum-width transitor.             */

    /* Area per SRAM cell (in minimum-width transistor areas) */
    const float trans_sram_bit = 4.;

    if (directionality == BI_DIRECTIONAL) {
        count_bidir_routing_transistors(num_switch, wire_to_ipin_switch, R_minW_nmos, R_minW_pmos, trans_sram_bit);
    } else {
        VTR_ASSERT(directionality == UNI_DIRECTIONAL);
        count_unidir_routing_transistors(segment_inf, wire_to_ipin_switch, R_minW_nmos, R_minW_pmos, trans_sram_bit);
    }
}

void count_bidir_routing_transistors(int num_switch, int wire_to_ipin_switch, float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos, const float trans_sram_bit) {
    /* Tri-state buffers are designed as a buffer followed by a pass transistor. *
     * I make Rbuffer = Rpass_transitor = 1/2 Rtri-state_buffer.                 *
     * I make the pull-up and pull-down sides of the buffer the same strength -- *
     * i.e. I make the p transistor R_minW_pmos / R_minW_nmos wider than the n   *
     * transistor.                                                               *
     *                                                                           *
     * I generate two area numbers in this routine:  ntrans_sharing and          *
     * ntrans_no_sharing.  ntrans_sharing exactly reflects what the timing       *
     * analyzer, etc. works with -- each switch is a completely self contained   *
     * pass transistor or tri-state buffer.  In the case of tri-state buffers    *
     * this is rather pessimisitic.  The inverter chain part of the buffer (as   *
     * opposed to the pass transistor + SRAM output part) can be shared by       *
     * several switches in the same location.  Obviously all the switches from   *
     * an OPIN can share one buffer.  Also, CHANX and CHANY switches at the same *
     * spot (i,j) on a single segment can share a buffer.  For a more realistic  *
     * area number I assume all buffered switches from a node that are at the    *
     * *same (i,j) location* can share one buffer.  Only the lowest resistance   *
     * (largest) buffer is implemented.  In practice, you might want to build    *
     * something that is 1.5x or 2x the largest buffer, so this may be a bit     *
     * optimistic (but I still think it's pretty reasonable).                    */
    auto& device_ctx = g_vpr_ctx.device();

    int* num_inputs_to_cblock; /* [0..device_ctx.rr_nodes.size()-1], but all entries not    */

    /* corresponding to IPINs will be 0.           */

    bool* cblock_counted;                                   /* [0..max(device_ctx.grid.width(),device_ctx.grid.height())] -- 0th element unused. */
    float* shared_buffer_trans;                             /* [0..max(device_ctx.grid.width(),device_ctx.grid.height())] */
    float *unsharable_switch_trans, *sharable_switch_trans; /* [0..num_switch-1] */

    t_rr_type from_rr_type, to_rr_type;
    int iedge, num_edges, maxlen;
    int iswitch, i, j, iseg, max_inputs_to_cblock;
    float input_cblock_trans, shared_opin_buffer_trans;

    /* Two variables below are the accumulator variables that add up all the    *
     * transistors in the routing.  Make doubles so that they don't stop        *
     * incrementing once adding a switch makes a change of less than 1 part in  *
     * 10^7 to the total.  If this still isn't good enough (adding 1 part in    *
     * 10^15 will still be thrown away), compute the transistor count in        *
     * "chunks", by adding up inodes 1 to 1000, 1001 to 2000 and then summing   *
     * the partial sums together.                                               */

    double ntrans_sharing, ntrans_no_sharing;

    /* Buffer from the routing to the ipin cblock inputs. Assume minimum size n *
     * transistors, and ptransistors sized to make the pull-up R = pull-down R */

    float trans_track_to_cblock_buf;

    ntrans_sharing = 0.;
    ntrans_no_sharing = 0.;
    max_inputs_to_cblock = 0;

    /* Assume the buffer below is 4x minimum drive strength (enough to        *
     * drive a fanout of up to 16 pretty nicely) -- should cover a reasonable *
     * wiring C plus the fanout.                                              */

    if (INCLUDE_TRACK_BUFFERS) {
        trans_track_to_cblock_buf = trans_per_buf(R_minW_nmos / 4., R_minW_nmos,
                                                  R_minW_pmos);
    } else {
        trans_track_to_cblock_buf = 0;
    }

    num_inputs_to_cblock = (int*)vtr::calloc(device_ctx.rr_nodes.size(), sizeof(int));

    maxlen = max(device_ctx.grid.width(), device_ctx.grid.height());
    cblock_counted = (bool*)vtr::calloc(maxlen, sizeof(bool));
    shared_buffer_trans = (float*)vtr::calloc(maxlen, sizeof(float));

    unsharable_switch_trans = alloc_and_load_unsharable_switch_trans(num_switch,
                                                                     trans_sram_bit, R_minW_nmos);

    sharable_switch_trans = alloc_and_load_sharable_switch_trans(num_switch,
                                                                 R_minW_nmos, R_minW_pmos);

    for (size_t from_node = 0; from_node < device_ctx.rr_nodes.size(); from_node++) {
        from_rr_type = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].type();

        switch (from_rr_type) {
            case CHANX:
            case CHANY:
                num_edges = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].num_edges();

                for (iedge = 0; iedge < num_edges; iedge++) {
                    size_t to_node = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].edge_sink_node(iedge);
                    to_rr_type = device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].type();

                    /* Ignore any uninitialized rr_graph nodes */
                    if ((device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].type() == SOURCE)
                        && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].xlow() == 0) && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].ylow() == 0)
                        && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].xhigh() == 0) && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].yhigh() == 0)) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    switch (to_rr_type) {
                        case CHANX:
                        case CHANY:
                            iswitch = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].edge_switch(iedge);

                            if (device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[iswitch].buffered()) {
                                iseg = seg_index_of_sblock(from_node, to_node);
                                shared_buffer_trans[iseg] = max(shared_buffer_trans[iseg],
                                                                sharable_switch_trans[iswitch]);

                                ntrans_no_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch]
                                                     + sharable_switch_trans[iswitch];
                                ntrans_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch];
                            } else if (from_node < to_node) {
                                /* Pass transistor shared by two edges -- only count once.  *
                                 * Also, no part of a pass transistor is sharable.          */

                                ntrans_no_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch];
                                ntrans_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch];
                            }
                            break;

                        case IPIN:
                            num_inputs_to_cblock[to_node]++;
                            max_inputs_to_cblock = max(max_inputs_to_cblock,
                                                       num_inputs_to_cblock[to_node]);

                            iseg = seg_index_of_cblock(from_rr_type, to_node);

                            if (cblock_counted[iseg] == false) {
                                cblock_counted[iseg] = true;
                                ntrans_sharing += trans_track_to_cblock_buf;
                                ntrans_no_sharing += trans_track_to_cblock_buf;
                            }
                            break;

                        default:
                            VPR_ERROR(VPR_ERROR_ROUTE,
                                      "in count_routing_transistors:\n"
                                      "\tUnexpected connection from node %d (type %s) to node %d (type %s).\n",
                                      from_node, rr_node_typename[from_rr_type], to_node, rr_node_typename[to_rr_type]);
                            break;

                    } /* End switch on to_rr_type. */

                } /* End for each edge. */

                /* Now add in the shared buffer transistors, and reset some flags. */

                if (from_rr_type == CHANX) {
                    for (i = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xlow() - 1;
                         i <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xhigh(); i++) {
                        ntrans_sharing += shared_buffer_trans[i];
                        shared_buffer_trans[i] = 0.;
                    }

                    for (i = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xlow(); i <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xhigh();
                         i++)
                        cblock_counted[i] = false;

                } else { /* CHANY */
                    for (j = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].ylow() - 1;
                         j <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].yhigh(); j++) {
                        ntrans_sharing += shared_buffer_trans[j];
                        shared_buffer_trans[j] = 0.;
                    }

                    for (j = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].ylow(); j <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].yhigh();
                         j++)
                        cblock_counted[j] = false;
                }
                break;

            case OPIN:
                num_edges = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].num_edges();
                shared_opin_buffer_trans = 0.;

                for (iedge = 0; iedge < num_edges; iedge++) {
                    iswitch = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].edge_switch(iedge);
                    ntrans_no_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch]
                                         + sharable_switch_trans[iswitch];
                    ntrans_sharing += unsharable_switch_trans[iswitch];

                    shared_opin_buffer_trans = max(shared_opin_buffer_trans,
                                                   sharable_switch_trans[iswitch]);
                }

                ntrans_sharing += shared_opin_buffer_trans;
                break;

            default:
                break;

        } /* End switch on from_rr_type */
    }     /* End for all nodes */

    free(cblock_counted);
    free(shared_buffer_trans);
    free(unsharable_switch_trans);
    free(sharable_switch_trans);

    /* Now add in the input connection block transistors. */

    input_cblock_trans = get_cblock_trans(num_inputs_to_cblock, wire_to_ipin_switch,
                                          max_inputs_to_cblock, trans_sram_bit);

    free(num_inputs_to_cblock);

    ntrans_sharing += input_cblock_trans;
    ntrans_no_sharing += input_cblock_trans;

    VTR_LOG("\n");
    VTR_LOG("Routing area (in minimum width transistor areas)...\n");
    VTR_LOG("\tAssuming no buffer sharing (pessimistic). Total: %#g, per logic tile: %#g\n",
            ntrans_no_sharing, ntrans_no_sharing / (float)(device_ctx.grid.width() * device_ctx.grid.height()));
    VTR_LOG("\tAssuming buffer sharing (slightly optimistic). Total: %#g, per logic tile: %#g\n",
            ntrans_sharing, ntrans_sharing / (float)(device_ctx.grid.width() * device_ctx.grid.height()));
    VTR_LOG("\n");
}

void count_unidir_routing_transistors(std::vector<t_segment_inf>& /*segment_inf*/,
                                      int wire_to_ipin_switch,
                                      float R_minW_nmos,
                                      float R_minW_pmos,
                                      const float trans_sram_bit) {
    auto& device_ctx = g_vpr_ctx.device();

    bool* cblock_counted;      /* [0..max(device_ctx.grid.width(),device_ctx.grid.height())] -- 0th element unused. */
    int* num_inputs_to_cblock; /* [0..device_ctx.rr_nodes.size()-1], but all entries not    */

    /* corresponding to IPINs will be 0.           */

    t_rr_type from_rr_type, to_rr_type;
    int i, j, iseg, to_node, iedge, num_edges, maxlen;
    int max_inputs_to_cblock;
    float input_cblock_trans;

    /* August 2014:
     * In a unidirectional architecture all the fanin to a wire segment comes from
     * a single mux. We should count this mux only once as we look at the outgoing
     * switches of all rr nodes. Thus we keep track of which muxes we have already
     * counted via the variable below. */
    bool* chan_node_switch_done;
    chan_node_switch_done = (bool*)vtr::calloc(device_ctx.rr_nodes.size(), sizeof(bool));

    /* The variable below is an accumulator variable that will add up all the   *
     * transistors in the routing.  Make double so that it doesn't stop         *
     * incrementing once adding a switch makes a change of less than 1 part in  *
     * 10^7 to the total.  If this still isn't good enough (adding 1 part in    *
     * 10^15 will still be thrown away), compute the transistor count in        *
     * "chunks", by adding up inodes 1 to 1000, 1001 to 2000 and then summing   *
     * the partial sums together.                                               */

    double ntrans;

    /* Buffer from the routing to the ipin cblock inputs. Assume minimum size n *
     * transistors, and ptransistors sized to make the pull-up R = pull-down R */

    float trans_track_to_cblock_buf;

    max_inputs_to_cblock = 0;

    /* Assume the buffer below is 4x minimum drive strength (enough to        *
     * drive a fanout of up to 16 pretty nicely) -- should cover a reasonable *
     * wiring C plus the fanout.                                              */

    if (INCLUDE_TRACK_BUFFERS) {
        trans_track_to_cblock_buf = trans_per_buf(R_minW_nmos / 4., R_minW_nmos,
                                                  R_minW_pmos);
    } else {
        trans_track_to_cblock_buf = 0;
    }

    num_inputs_to_cblock = (int*)vtr::calloc(device_ctx.rr_nodes.size(), sizeof(int));
    maxlen = max(device_ctx.grid.width(), device_ctx.grid.height());
    cblock_counted = (bool*)vtr::calloc(maxlen, sizeof(bool));

    ntrans = 0;
    for (size_t from_node = 0; from_node < device_ctx.rr_nodes.size(); from_node++) {
        from_rr_type = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].type();

        switch (from_rr_type) {
            case CHANX:
            case CHANY:
                num_edges = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].num_edges();

                /* Increment number of inputs per cblock if IPIN */
                for (iedge = 0; iedge < num_edges; iedge++) {
                    to_node = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].edge_sink_node(iedge);
                    to_rr_type = device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].type();

                    /* Ignore any uninitialized rr_graph nodes */
                    if ((device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].type() == SOURCE)
                        && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].xlow() == 0) && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].ylow() == 0)
                        && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].xhigh() == 0) && (device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].yhigh() == 0)) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    switch (to_rr_type) {
                        case CHANX:
                        case CHANY:
                            if (!chan_node_switch_done[to_node]) {
                                int switch_index = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].edge_switch(iedge);
                                auto switch_type = device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[switch_index].type();

                                int fan_in = device_ctx.rr_nodes[to_node].fan_in();

                                if (device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[switch_index].type() == SwitchType::MUX) {
                                    /* Each wire segment begins with a multipexer followed by a driver for unidirectional */
                                    /* Each multiplexer contains all the fan-in to that routing node */
                                    /* Add up area of multiplexer */
                                    ntrans += trans_per_mux(fan_in, trans_sram_bit,
                                                            device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[switch_index].mux_trans_size);

                                    /* Add up area of buffer */
                                    /* The buffer size should already have been auto-sized (if required) when
                                     * the rr switches were created from the arch switches */
                                    ntrans += device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[switch_index].buf_size;
                                } else if (switch_type == SwitchType::SHORT) {
                                    ntrans += 0.; //Electrical shorts contribute no transisitor area
                                } else if (switch_type == SwitchType::BUFFER) {
                                    if (fan_in != 1) {
                                        std::string msg = vtr::string_fmt(
                                            "Uni-directional RR node driven by non-configurable "
                                            "BUFFER has fan in %d (expected 1)\n",
                                            fan_in);
                                        msg += "  " + describe_rr_node(to_node);
                                        VPR_FATAL_ERROR(VPR_ERROR_OTHER, msg.c_str());
                                    }

                                    //This is a non-configurable buffer, so there are no mux transistors,
                                    //only the buffer area
                                    ntrans += device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[switch_index].buf_size;
                                } else {
                                    VPR_FATAL_ERROR(VPR_ERROR_OTHER, "Unexpected switch type %d while calculating area of uni-directional routing", switch_type);
                                }
                                chan_node_switch_done[to_node] = true;
                            }

                            break;

                        case IPIN:
                            num_inputs_to_cblock[to_node]++;
                            max_inputs_to_cblock = max(max_inputs_to_cblock,
                                                       num_inputs_to_cblock[to_node]);
                            iseg = seg_index_of_cblock(from_rr_type, to_node);

                            if (cblock_counted[iseg] == false) {
                                cblock_counted[iseg] = true;
                                ntrans += trans_track_to_cblock_buf;
                            }
                            break;

                        default:
                            VPR_ERROR(VPR_ERROR_ROUTE,
                                      "in count_routing_transistors:\n"
                                      "\tUnexpected connection from node %d (type %d) to node %d (type %d).\n",
                                      from_node, from_rr_type, to_node, to_rr_type);
                            break;

                    } /* End switch on to_rr_type. */

                } /* End for each edge. */

                /* Reset some flags */
                if (from_rr_type == CHANX) {
                    for (i = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xlow(); i <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].xhigh(); i++)
                        cblock_counted[i] = false;

                } else { /* CHANY */
                    for (j = device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].ylow(); j <= device_ctx.rr_nodes[from_node].yhigh();
                         j++)
                        cblock_counted[j] = false;
                }
                break;
            case OPIN:
                break;

            default:
                break;

        } /* End switch on from_rr_type */
    }     /* End for all nodes */

    /* Now add in the input connection block transistors. */

    input_cblock_trans = get_cblock_trans(num_inputs_to_cblock, wire_to_ipin_switch,
                                          max_inputs_to_cblock, trans_sram_bit);

    free(cblock_counted);
    free(num_inputs_to_cblock);
    free(chan_node_switch_done);

    ntrans += input_cblock_trans;

    VTR_LOG("\n");
    VTR_LOG("Routing area (in minimum width transistor areas)...\n");
    VTR_LOG("\tTotal routing area: %#g, per logic tile: %#g\n", ntrans, ntrans / (float)(device_ctx.grid.width() * device_ctx.grid.height()));
}

static float get_cblock_trans(int* num_inputs_to_cblock, int wire_to_ipin_switch, int max_inputs_to_cblock, float trans_sram_bit) {
    /* Computes the transistors in the input connection block multiplexers and   *
     * the buffers from connection block outputs to the logic block input pins.  *
     * For speed, I precompute the number of transistors in the multiplexers of  *
     * interest.                                                                 */

    float* trans_per_cblock; /* [0..max_inputs_to_cblock] */
    float trans_count;
    int num_inputs;

    auto& device_ctx = g_vpr_ctx.device();

    trans_per_cblock = (float*)vtr::malloc((max_inputs_to_cblock + 1) * sizeof(float));

    trans_per_cblock[0] = 0.; /* i.e., not an IPIN or no inputs */

    /* With one or more inputs, add the mux and output buffer.  I add the output *
     * buffer even when the number of inputs = 1 (i.e. no mux) because I assume  *
     * I need the drivability just for metal capacitance.                        */

    for (int i = 1; i <= max_inputs_to_cblock; i++) {
        trans_per_cblock[i] = trans_per_mux(i, trans_sram_bit,
                                            device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[wire_to_ipin_switch].mux_trans_size);
        trans_per_cblock[i] += device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[wire_to_ipin_switch].buf_size;
    }

    trans_count = 0.;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < device_ctx.rr_nodes.size(); i++) {
        num_inputs = num_inputs_to_cblock[i];
        trans_count += trans_per_cblock[num_inputs];
    }

    free(trans_per_cblock);
    return (trans_count);
}

static float*
alloc_and_load_unsharable_switch_trans(int num_switch, float trans_sram_bit, float R_minW_nmos) {
    /* Loads up an array that says how many transistors are needed to implement  *
     * the unsharable portion of each switch type.  The SRAM bit of a switch and *
     * the pass transistor (forming either the entire switch or the output part  *
     * of a tri-state buffer) are both unsharable.                               */

    float *unsharable_switch_trans, Rpass;
    int i;

    auto& device_ctx = g_vpr_ctx.device();

    unsharable_switch_trans = (float*)vtr::malloc(num_switch * sizeof(float));

    for (i = 0; i < num_switch; i++) {
        if (device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].type() == SwitchType::SHORT) {
            //Electrical shorts do not use any transistors
            unsharable_switch_trans[i] = 0.;
        } else {
            if (!device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].buffered()) {
                Rpass = device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].R;
            } else { /* Buffer.  Set Rpass = Rbuf = 1/2 Rtotal. */
                Rpass = device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].R / 2.;
            }

            unsharable_switch_trans[i] = trans_per_R(Rpass, R_minW_nmos);

            if (device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].configurable()) {
                //Configurable switches use SRAM
                unsharable_switch_trans[i] += trans_sram_bit;
            }
        }
    }

    return (unsharable_switch_trans);
}

static float*
alloc_and_load_sharable_switch_trans(int num_switch,
                                     float R_minW_nmos,
                                     float R_minW_pmos) {
    /* Loads up an array that says how many transistor are needed to implement   *
     * the sharable portion of each switch type.  The SRAM bit of a switch and   *
     * the pass transistor (forming either the entire switch or the output part  *
     * of a tri-state buffer) are both unsharable.  Only the buffer part of a    *
     * buffer switch is sharable.                                                */

    float *sharable_switch_trans, Rbuf;
    int i;

    auto& device_ctx = g_vpr_ctx.device();

    sharable_switch_trans = (float*)vtr::malloc(num_switch * sizeof(float));

    for (i = 0; i < num_switch; i++) {
        if (!device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].buffered()) {
            sharable_switch_trans[i] = 0.;
        } else { /* Buffer.  Set Rbuf = Rpass = 1/2 Rtotal. */
            Rbuf = device_ctx.rr_switch_inf[i].R / 2.;
            sharable_switch_trans[i] = trans_per_buf(Rbuf, R_minW_nmos,
                                                     R_minW_pmos);
        }
    }

    return (sharable_switch_trans);
}

float trans_per_buf(float Rbuf, float R_minW_nmos, float R_minW_pmos) {
    /* Returns the number of minimum width transistor area equivalents needed to *
     * implement this buffer.  Assumes a stage ratio of 4, and equal strength    *
     * pull-up and pull-down paths.                                              */

    int num_stage, istage;
    float trans_count, stage_ratio, Rstage;

    if (Rbuf > 0.6 * R_minW_nmos || Rbuf <= 0.) { /* Use a single-stage buffer */
        trans_count = trans_per_R(Rbuf, R_minW_nmos)
                      + trans_per_R(Rbuf, R_minW_pmos);
    } else { /* Use a multi-stage buffer */

        /* Target stage ratio = 4.  1 minimum width buffer, then num_stage bigger *
         * ones.                                                                  */

        num_stage = vtr::nint(log10(R_minW_nmos / Rbuf) / log10(4.));
        num_stage = max(num_stage, 1);
        stage_ratio = pow((float)(R_minW_nmos / Rbuf), (float)(1. / (float)num_stage));

        Rstage = R_minW_nmos;
        trans_count = 0.;

        for (istage = 0; istage <= num_stage; istage++) {
            trans_count += trans_per_R(Rstage, R_minW_nmos)
                           + trans_per_R(Rstage, R_minW_pmos);
            Rstage /= stage_ratio;
        }
    }

    return (trans_count);
}

static float trans_per_mux(int num_inputs, float trans_sram_bit, float pass_trans_area) {
    /* Returns the number of transistors needed to build a pass transistor mux. *
     * DOES NOT include input buffers or any output buffer.                     *
     * Attempts to select smart multiplexer size depending on number of inputs  *
     * For multiplexers with inputs 4 or less, one level is used, more has two  *
     * levels.                                                                  */
    float ntrans, sram_trans, pass_trans;
    int num_second_stage_trans;

    if (num_inputs <= 1) {
        return (0);
    } else if (num_inputs == 2) {
        pass_trans = 2 * pass_trans_area;
        sram_trans = 1 * trans_sram_bit;
    } else if (num_inputs <= 4) {
        /* One-hot encoding */
        pass_trans = num_inputs * pass_trans_area;
        sram_trans = num_inputs * trans_sram_bit;
    } else {
        /* This is a large multiplexer so design it using a two-level multiplexer   *
         * + 0.00001 is to make sure exact square roots two don't get rounded down  *
         * to one lower level.                                                      */
        num_second_stage_trans = (int)floor((float)sqrt((float)num_inputs) + 0.00001);
        pass_trans = (num_inputs + num_second_stage_trans) * pass_trans_area;
        sram_trans = (ceil((float)num_inputs / num_second_stage_trans - 0.00001)
                      + num_second_stage_trans)
                     * trans_sram_bit;
        if (num_second_stage_trans == 2) {
            /* Can use one-bit instead of a two-bit one-hot encoding for the second stage */
            /* Eliminates one sram bit counted earlier */
            sram_trans -= 1 * trans_sram_bit;
        }
    }

    ntrans = pass_trans + sram_trans;

    return (ntrans);
}

static float trans_per_R(float Rtrans, float R_minW_trans) {
    /* Returns the number of minimum width transistor area equivalents needed    *
     * to make a transistor with Rtrans, given that the resistance of a minimum  *
     * width transistor of this type is R_minW_trans.                            */

    float trans_area;

    if (Rtrans <= 0.) {
        /* Assume resistances are nonsense -- use min. width */
        VTR_LOG_WARN("Sized nonsensical R=%g transistor to minimum width\n", Rtrans);
        return (1.);
    }

    if (Rtrans >= R_minW_trans) {
        return (1.);
    }

    /* Old area model (developed with 0.35um process rules) */
    /* Area = minimum width area (1) + 0.5 for each additional unit of width.  *
     * The 50% factor takes into account the "overlapping" that occurs in      *
     * horizontally-paralleled transistors, and the need for only one spacing, *
     * not two (i.e. two min W transistors need two spaces; a 2W transistor    *
     * needs only 1).                                                          */

    /* New area model (developed with 65nm process rules) 			   */
    /* These more advanced process rules change how much area we need to add   *
     * for each additional unit of width vs. the old area model.               */

    float drive_strength = R_minW_trans / Rtrans;
    if (trans_area_eq == AREA_ORIGINAL) {
        /* Old transistor area estimation equation */
        trans_area = 0.5 * drive_strength + 0.5;
    } else if (trans_area_eq == AREA_IMPROVED_NMOS_ONLY) {
        /* New transistor area estimation equation. Here only NMOS transistors
         * are taken into account */
        trans_area = 0.447 + 0.128 * drive_strength + 0.391 * sqrt(drive_strength);
    } else if (trans_area_eq == AREA_IMPROVED_MIXED) {
        /* New transistor area estimation equation. Here both NMOS and PMOS
         * transistors are taken into account (extra spacing needed for N-wells) */
        trans_area = 0.518 + 0.127 * drive_strength + 0.428 * sqrt(drive_strength);
    } else {
        VPR_FATAL_ERROR(VPR_ERROR_ROUTE, "Unrecognized transistor area model: %d\n", (int)trans_area_eq);
    }

    return (trans_area);
}